Rhode Island escaped Ida relatively unscathed, but the storm still exposed the inadequacy of decades-old infrastructure designed for historical conditions.
The torrential rains flooded streets in coastal Warwick and parts of Washington County, caused the collapse of a stretch of road in Portsmouth, blocked off one of the two main arteries through Bristol, and, for a time, closed down Route 95 in Providence, while the water drained off the roadway.
The Woonasquatucket River was still running high and fast two days after the rains.
In Riverside Park, in the Olneyville section of Providence, the rainwater that ran down Aleppo Street was channeled into a bioswale that snakes through the park and looks more like a creekbed than a manmade drainage structure.
The previous morning, the channel was full, but it and other so-called green infrastructure projects in the park did their job, collecting runoff from the surrounding neighborhood, sieving out solids and toxins and sending excess water into the Woonasquatucket.
It was a far cry from the floods in 2010, which took place before the projects were completed and left the park underwater, said Alicia Lehrer, executive director of the Woonasquatucket River Watershed Council.
The story was the same in other places where the council has implemented stormwater projects that rely on natural elements rather than traditional concrete structures. They include Pleasant Valley Stream, a slender tributary of the Woonasquatucket that flows through Elmhurst.
“That was a place that routinely flooded,” said Lehrer. “This time around, there was no sign of floodwater.”
If there’s a model for the Seekonk group, it’s what’s been done in Elmhurst, Olneyville and other neighborhoods around the Woonasquatucket by the council and its partners.
But despite more than a decade of work, the effort to alleviate flooding around the river is far from complete.
One of the long-term goals is to set aside expansive open spaces in the watershed that can retain floodwaters from big rainstorms that are becoming more frequent. Achieving that may mean buying out homeowners who are willing to move. And that will require money from the infrastructure bill or some other federal source of funding.
The projects have cost about $1.5 million so far, and Lehrer believes it will take tens of millions more to expand the scope of the plan farther up the Woonasquatucket, from Providence all the way to the headwaters of the river in Smithfield. It may cost $60 million, or maybe more than $100 million, she says.
“So much more needs to be done,” she said.
Competition for federal money may be tough
There’s a hope that the infrastructure bill could be the much-needed boost to bring any number of climate-resilience projects off the drawing board.
“This bill has everyone boggled, running around with dollar signs in their eyes,” Richards said.
But the reality is that for every Providence there’s a New York City or Chicago, where the need is greater, or a Boston or Charleston, where the planning around climate-change impacts is more complete.
There’s only so much money to go around. It will be the shovel-ready projects that will have the best chances of competing for funds, Spalding argues.
But that’s been the problem that he and the other leaders of the Providence Resilience Partnership have encountered; in their eyes, few plans in the city have reached an advanced stage. That's due to a lack of expertise and inadequate funding to move proposals forward.
“This is a new idea, frankly,” Spalding said. “Generally speaking, while people are aware that climate is a great concern, I don’t think the full scope of understanding is there yet.”
“We have to bang this drum and keep banging it until people realize that they have to put money where they should have a long time ago.”
The partnership still plans on releasing a shortlist of priority projects for Providence before the infrastructure bill comes before the House, but Spalding is frank when asked if he thinks the city would be able to compete for federal dollars.
“If nothing changes, I don’t think so,” he said.
Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse, D-RI, who has been talking to the partnership about its effort, acknowledged the concern but said Providence is not alone.
“The problems that we have with respect to our coastal communities are common problems across the country, so Rhode Island is not at a particular disadvantage,” said Whitehouse, a leading voice in Washington on climate change. “It’s just that coasts in general haven’t been given the attention they deserve.”
Eden revisited: Restoring nature around the Seekonk
Referring to an aerial map of the East Side, Richards described what the 380-acre watershed above the Seekonk used to look like.
“There was a swamp here, a little creek there, another swamp with a pond, and a river,” he said. “There was this whole natural drainage system that has now been captured by pipes. There was natural filtration, but it’s all been cut off.”
He opened a booklet to show how the alliance wants to remake the area. Vegetation would be cleared out of York Pond and it would be dredged. The new ponds would follow the ravine’s contours downward like descending steps. The changes would vastly increase the system’s ability to store excess runoff.
A new walking path would lead down from Blackstone Boulevard — to enhance public access, Richards said, but also to allow people to see what can be done in the name of stormwater improvements.
He and the other members of the alliance also know that the best way to control runoff is to take care of it higher up the watershed, before it can pick up speed, and that’s what their many rain gardens along the surrounding streets would do. They want to take out pavement and asphalt and replace them with native plantings. It would improve drainage while also adding more greenery to the area.
“It would transform the neighborhood,” Richards said.
The alliance has been in talks with the city’s Planning Department, which supports the effort, and the proposal is receiving technical advice from a regional program funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
But it will take much more help to get the plan off the ground.
“A lot of this can happen. It’s just common sense,” Searle said. “I think we just need to get something started.”